Course Overview

Physics B is the second part of the high school physics sequence, designed to provide students with a deeper understanding of the principles and theories that govern physical phenomena. Building on the foundation of Physics A, this course focuses on electricity and magnetism, waves and optics, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and atomic and nuclear physics. Students learn to describe the physical world using a small number of core assumptions, concepts, and equations, while connecting these ideas to real-world applications. With its rigorous academic standards, Physics B prepares students for advanced study in physics and related STEM fields.

Key Learning Focus

• Waves and Optics: Investigating wave properties, sound, reflection, refraction, and light behavior.
• Electricity and Magnetism: Exploring electric charges, fields, circuits, magnetic forces, and electromagnetic induction.
• Thermodynamics: Understanding energy transfer, heat, and the laws of thermodynamics.
• Fluid Mechanics: Examining the properties of fluids and their applications in real-world systems.
• Atomic and Nuclear Physics: Gaining an introduction to atomic structure, radioactivity, and nuclear processes.
• Scientific Reasoning: Applying mathematical models, experimental data, and inquiry-based methods to predict and explain physical systems.

Instructional Approach

The course emphasizes active, hands-on learning through laboratory experiments, project-based assignments, and collaborative investigations. Approximately 40% of the course involves virtual laboratory investigations, many of which use simple household items such as rulers, marbles, string, and meter sticks. Students conduct wave interference experiments, design electric circuits, explore magnetic field interactions, and investigate principles of atomic physics. Critical thinking, problem-solving, and communication skills are developed through data analysis, presentations, and real-world problem applications.

Academic Alignment and Progression

Physics B is aligned with state and national science education standards, including the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). It is a full-year advanced course for grades 9–12 and the second part of the physics sequence, following Physics A. Completion of this course prepares students for AP Physics, dual-enrollment opportunities, and college-level coursework, and supports STEM career pathways in physics, engineering, computer science, applied mathematics, and research.

Outcomes

By the end of Physics B, students will:

• Demonstrate understanding of electricity, magnetism, waves, optics, thermodynamics, and atomic physics.
• Apply mathematical reasoning and experimental data to solve complex physics problems.
• Conduct laboratory investigations and interpret results with scientific accuracy.
• Connect physical science concepts to real-world applications and STEM technologies.
• Explore career opportunities in physics, engineering, and related STEM fields.
• Be fully prepared for AP Physics, advanced science courses, and college-preparatory STEM studies.